The course aims to develop the students’ cognitive abilities and communication skills in Arabic language by introducing Arabic dictionaries, spelling and grammatical errors, and familiarizing them with ancient and modern Arabic literary models including models from the Holy Qur’an.

This course offers a comprehensive overview of essential mathematical concepts tailored for health science disciplines. Starting with basic operations involving integers, fractions, percents, and decimals, it lays a strong foundation by emphasizing proficiency in these areas. The course progresses to include conversions, focusing on metric and non-metric systems, and temperature changes, to ensure accuracy in diverse measurement contexts. Dilution and concentration principles are explored, crucial for understanding solution preparation in medical settings. The course also delves into the accurate interpretation of drug orders and labels, essential for safe medication administration. Graphing techniques are introduced to visually represent relationships between variables, aiding in data analysis and interpretation. Advanced topics such as functions, inequalities, exponential functions, and logarithms are covered, highlighting their applications in modeling biological processes. Finally, the course addresses geometric principles relevant to the health sciences, such as calculating area and volume. Mastery of these topics will equip students with the mathematical skills necessary for success in their health science careers.

Provides a one-semester introduction to general chemistry for the health sciences. Covers the fundamentals of elements and atoms; ionic and molecular structure; chemical reactions and their stoichiometry, energetics, rates, and equilibriums; and the properties of matter as gases, liquids, solids, and solutions. Other topics include acids and bases

This course aims to introduce the student to the program, the history of radiology discovery, and the start of work with it as medical objectives, medical terminology, professional ethics, and clarification of clinics and imaging policies. Overview of the formation and interactions of ionizing radiation, and how the radiological image appears in general. Overview of the methods of medical imaging and nuclear medicine.

The course content covers the imaging of the head (and selected areas of the skull, facial bone, and neck) and the viscera of the pelvis, and vertebral column, basic and secondary positions, how to change positions, and the amount of exposure in proportion to disease and injury, assessing and determining image quality, and accurately identifying for internal organs.

This course aims to identify the distinguishing parameters in the human body, link the positions to the central points of the passage of rays with the distinctive points in the human body, and how the organs appear in the images of the rays. It requires the medical radiation technologist to know and understand the applications of x-ray imaging, applicable to their stream. This course provides you with an introduction to the theory of physics that underlies these applications.

This course is concerned with giving the methods and means of caring for the patient to be x-ray imaged, how to provide the service to the patient with the highest quality and in the least possible time through the use of medicines and contrast materials in the radiology department, cases in which medicines and contrast materials must be given to the patient, administering methods of medicines and contrast materials for the patient in the radiology department, how to inject the patient with the contrast and medicine materials intravenously, interactions of the contrast and medicine materials with the human body.

This course covers the rationale for, and methods employed in the treatment of cancer by radiotherapy. The role of radiotherapy and its relationship to other modalities utilized in the treatment of cancer are explored and defined and there is an introduction to the principles and concepts of radiobiology. Additionally, techniques and applications of radiation therapy include the technical aspects of radiotherapy, dosimetry, shielding, and radioactive sources. The physical principles and application thereof, specifically in radiation therapy. A review of basic radiotherapy principles.

The aim of this course is an introduction to the biomechanics of the human body. To learn about the structural properties of human bones and tissues, along with the mechanical functions of the skeleton and muscles, electricity and magnetism in the human body, biomagnetism, the use of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation in medical diagnosis and medical treatment, radiation protection.

The course will cover the physical principles and theories on which diagnostic medical imaging techniques are based. For each medical imaging technique, the course aims to explain the basic physical working principle and the basic mechanical components of medical imaging devices, the process of image formation and processing, along with understanding the factors that control the quality of the medical image in various devices, these factors include (noise, contrast, resolution, brightness and color intensity) and their relationship to the appearance of the medical image.

This course covers the gross anatomy of the human body, including the study of major organ systems such as the skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Students will learn the spatial relationships between different organs and tissues, and how these structures contribute to overall body function. Additionally, this component focuses on the microscopic structure of tissues and organs. Students will study the four basic tissue types—epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue—and learn to identify them under a microscope.

This course is concerned with defining radiobiology and linking the stages of growth to the effect of radiation, the effect of radiation in the short and long term, enabling the student to be able to measure the dose and determine the danger, the nature of the interaction of radiation with the substance. This course develops foundational knowledge of the links between basic physics, occupational devices, radiation biology, and radiation protection associated with the medical radiation sciences.

This course aims to prepare students who are able to identify anatomical structures in a range of imaging modalities, which is an essential skill for medical radiations practitioners. This course builds on your current knowledge of anatomy. The primary focus of this course is computed tomography to learn about sectional anatomy. Therefore, a training course was designed to enable the student to identify the relevant organs using a range of imaging methods.

This course will cover topics related to relation between human and surrounding environments. How this interaction will affect human health and spread of disease.

This course is designed to serve PTUK students in the faculties of Science and Engineering as well as the students of Educational Technology (ET); it offers a broad overview of the English language learning skills in reading, writing, speaking that will enable them to communicate meaningfully in scientific contexts and situations. It also offers a broad variety of scientific language grammatical patterns and vocabulary items that are needed to comprehend scientific contexts and trends. Throughout this course, students will be exposed to a variety of scientific topics, aural input in order to broaden and deepen their critical thinking skills and to help them express opinions about modern scientific topics and problems.

The course introduces the student to concepts, theories and skills in the field of human communication in Arabic and English, and provides him with basic skills in the field of communication with himself and with others through the art of recitation, dialogue, persuasion, negotiation and leadership, to enhance his practice in his daily and practical life using new methods based on diverse and effective training and evaluation. In addition to the knowledge of electronic communication and social intelligence, as well as enabling the student to write his CV and conduct a personal interview in Arabic and English. The course aims to develop the student's skills on written, oral and electronic communication and the use of body language in order to improve the abilities to communicate with others in general, in addition to the students' abilities to send and receive in the study and work environment in particular.

This course provides an explanation of the causes of diseases and understanding of injuries and others. The focus is on the radiological pathology of body systems and the manifestations of this disease. The course will focus primarily on the study of the characteristics of diseases and how they appear on medical images. The main focus of this course is on understanding the ability of medical imaging examinations to diagnose, display, and differentiate between different diseases.

This course is concerned with presenting how to process, record, and store radiological images. It also provides a general definition of the role of technology in developing and raising the efficiency of medical images in terms of diagnostic content using different technologies. This course aims to give the ability to analyze and process radiographs using computer programs to improve the quality of images for diagnostic purposes, by changing the image properties.

This course builds upon content relating to the research process and also research and evidence-based clinical practice established in earlier of the courses. It examines in greater depth the culture of health-related research and the emergent professional role of the clinician-researcher. Course material is presented in the context of the various research designs and approaches adopted in the health care paradigm. The course will also encourage students to differentiate between quantitative and qualitative research methods, understand current trends in research in medical imaging and the implications for evidence-based health care, and critically evaluate the veracity of research outcomes. Students will be encouraged to develop their own potential research focus and through the supervision process an advanced level of understanding in a nominated discipline and/or specialist area of medical imaging. Course outcomes require students to prepare a research proposal inclusive of the potential study design and purposeful rationale supported by a literature review and statement of the scope of ethics submission and approval requirements related to the study design and methodology.

This course enables the student to learn the basic concepts and techniques used in nanoscience in the medical field in particular, and the course explains the role and contribution of this technology in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Definition of nanotechnology, types of nanomaterials used in the medical field, interaction of nanomaterials with biological tissues, electronic sensors, current problems facing nanomedicine.

This course introduces the student to the basics of nuclear medicine physics and the devices used in this field and their methods of use, taking into account and defining the special protection methods for this technique. The course aims to explain the principle of nuclear medicine in addition to explaining the principle of medical imaging using radioisotopes, the principle of preparing radioisotopes with the appropriate dose used in imaging such as iodine and technetium, and the principle of physical operation of all radioisotope imaging techniques including SPECT, PET, Gamma camera and hybrid radioisotope imaging techniques including PET-CT and PET-MRI. The course will also provide a broad understanding of radiation detection and the basics of the operation of radiation detection devices used in the nuclear medicine department and the basics of radioactive waste disposal.

This course aims to introduce students to civilization, its’ characteristics, patterns, and its relationship to civics and culture. It focuses on the study of Islamic civilization, its’ genesis, components, characteristics, contemporary problems and issues, such as the civilizational interaction between Islamic civilization and the West, the contributions of Muslim scholars to human civilization, the impact of Islamic civilization on global human civilization, and ways of transmission to various countries of the world. It also deals with scientific development, Islamic systems and institutions, architecture and arts in Islamic civilization.

Medical Biology course is designed specifically for students of health sciences . The course covers the basic principles and facts in biology like chemical concepts that needed to understand the biological process occurring in the human body ., ultra-structure of the cell and cell organelles, the cell cycle and division, membranes transport, and basic cell metabolism . The course also introduces basic principles of Mendelian inheritance, modern genetics, human chromosomes, inheritable diseases and gene expression and human evolution . In addition, the course also focuses on organization and systems of the human body, protective covering of the body, support and movement, food processing and nutrition, transport within the body, gas exchange, endocrine systems, regulation of body activities, homeostasis, reproduction and biology of infectious diseases and human body defense against pathogens, specific and non specific mechanisms.

This course introduces students to the basic principles of operating the technology that produces medical images, through a variety of methods that can be used in the diagnosis or treatment of disease. This course allows students to better understand and provide a safe work environment when using devices associated with their clinical positions. This course gives the student an expanded view of the differences in handle and production in medical imaging and nuclear medicine methods.

This course aims to introduce an overview to technologist-performed physical breast assessment. Preliminary patient assessment, physical breast assessment, and documentation of findings required for a comprehensive examination for imaging correlation of the breasts. A knowledge base of the various positions and projections in mammography along with the clinical data needed to perform the exam and positioning techniques for both screening and diagnostic mammography, including interventional procedures. Experience in the performance of mammography exams, including patient preparation and the required quality control tests. Also, Characteristics of the mammography and its working mechanism.

Clinical training in General Radiography, General Fluoroscopy, Digital Subtraction Angiography/Interventional (DSA), Operating Theatre, Computed Tomography, General Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging within the Department of Diagnostic Radiology.

This course enables the student to learn the main concepts of vascular imaging techniques using contrast media. It also explains the main role of vascular imaging in diagnosing various vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, peripheral vessel occlusion, and inflammatory vessel wall changes. Learn about the devices and tools used in imaging and treating blood vessels, in addition to displaying images, in order to know the reasons for imaging through disease cases.

This course presents basic ideas for the practical application of general chemistry, such as: familiarization with laboratory safety instructions, laboratory tools, experiments in qualitative analysis

The course focuses on basic reactions of cells and tissues to injury that underlie all disease processes and include cell injury and death, circulatory disturbances, inflammation and repair and disturbances of growth and neoplasia. General topics covered include the nature and causes of cell injury and death; adaptive cellular changes; inflammation, healing and repair, thrombosis, embolism and infarction and neoplasia. More detailed attention is given to cardiovascular, pulmonary and gastrointestinal diseases and common cancers and the pathology is correlated with major clinical symptoms and signs.

The Anatomy and Histology Laboratory course provides hands-on experience with the structure and function of the human body at both the macroscopic (anatomical) and microscopic (histological) levels. This course is designed for students pursuing studies in the biological sciences, medicine, or related fields.

This course aims to apply what has been acquired from the theoretical material to identify x-ray films, preservatives, and parts of the developer and imaging equipment in the laboratory. Identifying variable radiation factors that affect image quality through the control panel, in addition to identifying and applying digital radiology devices.

This course focuses on introducing fundamental physics in computed tomography. Included in the course is an overview of the history of CT, fundamentals of computers, scanning methods, and digital imaging. This course provides the student with an introduction to the functions and basic procedures of computed tomography imaging as it is used in the healthcare setting. Basic CT instrumentation and clinical terms will be introduced. Introducing some of the mathematical calculations on which the device works, the means of choosing the method of work according to the organ to be photographed, and the fields of use with computed tomography.

This course studies the basic physics and equipment behind the production of dental x-rays, their properties, and their interaction which results in the formation of the radiographic image. In addition, the radiographic techniques involved in producing various radiographic images (including panoramic x-ray, dental CT, cephalometric) and the x-ray films and other requirements for film processing are covered in this course. Dental radiography is the study of radiographs related to teeth that are used by a dentist to check the oral health of a patient. Dental radiographs help dentists to find issues in our teeth like cavities, tooth decay, and impacted teeth. These can also help the dentists to find the diseases and developmental problems before they become a critical issue. This radiography requires a very low level of radiation exposure. Studying dental radiography course help aspiring dentists to gain knowledge about how to identify oral diseases and developmental problems, before they become serious health issues with the help of x-rays.

This course delves into Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS), covering key hardware components, various architectures, and vendor-specific differences. It addresses PACS’ impact on productivity, explores features like image displays and printing capabilities, and introduces major market vendors and their architectures. By course end, students will grasp PACS fundamentals, including network components, servers, and their implications on productivity.

Students perform voluntary work such as donating blood, repairing homes, tourist trails, or holding educational workshops at the university, and the student is committed to training or working for 40 hours.

This course provides hands-on experience in experimental techniques and methodologies used in the study of human physiology. Through a series of laboratory exercises, students will explore the functions of various physiological systems, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular, nervous, and endocrine systems. Students will learn how to design and conduct experiments, collect and analyze data, and interpret results in the context of physiological principles. The course emphasizes the application of theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios, allowing students to observe and measure physiological processes in real-time. Laboratory exercises may include activities such as electrocardiography (ECG), spirometry, muscle contraction studies, blood pressure measurement, and analysis of reflexes and sensory responses.

The practical side of this course is concerned with applying what has been learned in the theoretical course through the use of radiology image processing programs in the laboratory to develop the abilities to understand and realize the skills of dealing with radiology images. In addition, the use of some artificial intelligence programs to develop the student's skill in dealing with medical image processing programs to distinguish between the contrast of normal and abnormal images.

This course covers applied radiography in a clinical education environment in assigned clinical education centers and hospitals. Experience in clinical departments is vital to developing clinical competence and this course is designed to build on the experience gained in medical imaging practice 1 and further develop students’ clinical and interpersonal skills. Continuing commitment to reflective practice will empower students to take ownership of their professional development and identify learning opportunities as well as development needs. After completion of this course, students should be able to perform a wide range of general radiographic examinations and procedures and have clear ideas about how to organize their clinical learning in relation to their development needs for future clinical courses.

This course aims at giving theoretical and practical knowledge of diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine physics and preparing for work as a medical physicist in nuclear medicine. The course includes the principles of radiopharmaceutical imaging, quality assurance, radiation dosimetry and radiation safety. In this course, you will start by studying the photon and charged particle interactions occurring in the range of energies common in Nuclear Medicine. Following this, we move on to radionuclide and radiopharmaceutical production and important uptake mechanisms in the human body. You will get to know relevant nuclear medicine equipment (gamma camera, SPECT/CT, PET-camera, PET/CT, PET/MRI, radiation monitors, and detectors) components, and functions. Important aspects of imaging like reconstruction algorithms, correction methods, calibration, optimization, and quality assurance are also covered. An essential part of the course is focused on radiation safety regulations, measurements and actions. You will learn strategies for protecting patients, staff, and the general public from unwanted effects of radiation from nuclear medicine procedures. The medical perspective of nuclear medicine will be covered by lectures given by specialists active in the field of nuclear medicine. Overall, you will be well acquainted with the entire nuclear medicine process; from radionuclide production to radiopharmaceuticals, nuclear medicine equipment, optimization of imaging, image processing, analysis, and interpretation – always with radiation safety in mind.

Issues to be discussed include the physical and instrumental principles associated with diagnostic radiography, radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine, including the interaction of radiation with matter and the implications of these processes for image quality and optimal planning/treatment in clinical practice. Radiation-matter interactions also extend to biological systems and their effects, with the discussion of concepts of radiation dose and its exact measurement, radiation detectors, and the basics of radiation protection.

Examines the radiographic positioning of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine along with routine positioning of the biliary tract, upper and lower gastrointestinal system, urinary system, and the study of radiographic contrast media. Topics in this course include positioning, radiographic exposure factors, medical terminology, radiation protection, and special considerations for the pediatric and geriatric patients.

English 1 is a theoretical, 3-credit hour university requisite, and a general English Course which is designed to serve all BA and BSc Students of (PTUK) in all faculties. This course aims at developing students’ repertoire of the English language main skills as well as sub-skills through providing them with broad varieties of language patterns, grammatical and structural rules, and vocabulary items that can enable them to communicate meaningfully within ordinary and real-life contexts and situations. This course is also oriented towards equipping students with the skills they need to comprehend texts, contexts, and situations that are related to ordinary and real-life topics. Throughout this course, students will be exposed to a wide and various aural inputs in order to broaden and deepen their skills in listening, judgment, and critical thinking. Students of this course are expected to acquire and practice the skills they need to maximize their capabilities to express opinions about ordinary and real life topics both orally and in a written format, which will help in widening the students’ academic horizon.

The performance of experiments related to measurements and data analysis, Force table (vector addition), Friction forces (static and kinetic), Gravity acceleration, Density of solids and liquid materials, viscosity, Young modulus , Boyles and Charles laws (for ideal gas), Specific heat capacity(of solids), Ohms law

This course clarifies the difference between general English terms and medical terminology. Hence, this course is concerned with giving parts of medical terms and their related meanings and how they are formed and used. Where students are trained to use these terms and pronounce them in the right manner.

The course aims to study the basics and principles of X-ray production and image formation through X-ray imaging devices. It also aims to study the basics of radiation measurement and prevention. In addition, the principles of atomic and nucleus physics, electromagnetic waves and their properties, radiation production interactions, radiation interaction with the body, electrical circuits used in radiology equipment, and digital signal analysis.

The course content covers the gross anatomy of the upper limb, lower limb, the viscera of the thorax, and abdomen. The course builds on learners’ anatomical knowledge gained in the required prerequisite study. This course also develops knowledge of the structure of the human body under normal circumstances and prompts students to consider deviation from normal circumstances; this can be in the form of pathologies, anatomical variations, and symptoms that present clinically.

This course supports students' ability to learn and understand the theoretical and practical working principles of many devices that simulate the working principle of medical imaging devices, by allocating many specialized practical experiments that aim to teach the student how to produce X-rays practically, the working principle of the X-ray tube and its structural components, how X-rays interact with matter, and understanding the physics of all radiation interactions (photoelectric effect, Compton effect, classical scattering). This course also aims to teach students how to deal with radioactive sources and measure radiation doses using Geiger counter, scintillation detector, TLD and ion chamber detector.

In this course, the student learns about functional imaging and how to detect physiological activities within a specific tissue or organ by using medical imaging methods, or by using detectors similar to some chemical compounds within the body. In addition, the student is introduced to how to use isotopes that have similar chemical and biological properties.

In this course, students will be introduced to the physical principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), including the basic physics of MRI. Topics include magnetism, MRI signal production, image contrast, spin-echo, and gradient echo pulse sequences, and an introduction to pulse sequence diagrams. Analyzes MRI system principles associated with physics. Topics covered in this course include instrumentation, signal production, pulse sequencing, tissue characteristics, imaging parameters, artifacts, and image formation.

The study course presents radiography students with the application of theoretical radiography principles in practice in contrast media examinations and theatre procedures. Additionally, this study course is made up of clinical demonstrations, practice, and tutorials where students can discuss issues related to physical principles in radiography, radiation protection, and aspects of patient care in clinical practice.

This course covers applied radiography in a clinical education environment in assigned clinical education centers and hospitals. Experience in clinical departments is vital to developing clinical competence and this course is designed to build on the experience gained in medical imaging practice 2 and further develop students’ clinical and interpersonal skills. Continuing commitment to reflective practice will empower students to take ownership of their professional development and identify learning opportunities as well as development needs. After completion of this course, students should be able to perform a wide range of general radiographic examinations and procedures and have clear ideas about how to organize their clinical learning in relation to their development needs for future clinical courses. Clinical examinations and supervised clinical exposure to patients will enable students to apply these principles across a range of examinations involving the shoulder and pelvic girdles, the vertebral column, the skull bones, and the neck. The course concludes with an introduction to normal surface and gross anatomical relationships of the major skeletal and soft tissue structures of the head, neck, vertebral column, and pelvis.

This course provides an in-depth exploration of cardiac imaging techniques, focusing on the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the heart. Students will be introduced to the principles, applications, and limitations of various cardiac imaging modalities, including echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and nuclear imaging. Through lectures, case studies, and hands-on experience with imaging technologies, students will learn how to interpret cardiac images, recognize common and complex cardiac diseases, and assess heart function. Topics covered include myocardial ischemia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure.

This course covers everything related to injuries such as the mechanism of injury, laws and energy of movement and how it affects the human body and causes of injury, penetrating and non-penetrating injuries, bleeding and shock, soft tissue injuries and burns. This course aims to introduce the student to radiography and the ethical considerations of this medical field. This course covers the theory and application of positioning and radiation protection techniques and various medical imaging techniques and basic radiation exposure. Also, the analysis of radiographic images to help diagnose the patient's condition.

Remedial English: The course is a compulsory service course offered for first year students. It is a prerequisite for E1 and it focuses mainly on the language learning skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. The course is intended to equip the students with basic skills necessary for successful communication in both oral and written forms of the language. In addition to grammar and how to use vocabulary in a meaningful context.

Units conversions ,vector and scalar quantities,static equilibrium/ equilibrium consideration for human body,elastic properties of materials, thermal properties of matter,fluid mechanics,electric current, resistance and Ohm's Law, the capacitor,the RC circuit, nerve conduction , applications ,waves, sound, and optics ,electromagnetic spectrum, geometrical optics, human Eye

This lab course is intended to provide students with basic skills necessary to utilize a light microscopes of both types dissecting and compound microscope and to be be familiar with all the parts of the light microscope. Studying different type of cells (prokaryote and eukaryote) structure and revealing the presence of functional molecules unique to living organisms and activity of enzymes in cells under certain conditions. The students will also conduct experiments to study the physical properties of plasma membrane (diffusion ,osmosis) and be able to identify cell division phases (mitosis and meiosis ) in animal eukaryotic cells . In addition students will perform DNA isolation, and run Gel electrophoresis

This course, cover several biostatistics subjects as analysis and interpret data, apply various statistical concepts including descriptive statistics and probability distributions, find relationships between variables, fit regression models, make statistical inferences; parameter estimation / confidence intervals and make tests for one or multiple groups such as z and t-tests, chi-square tests, and ANOVA with applications in the biomedical and clinical laboratory data

This course provides an understanding of important communication skills for students' health professionals, as well as an awareness of common psychological conditions that can affect therapeutic engagement. This course aims to introduce students to a range of communication techniques necessary for health professionals including relationship making and interviewing skills, strategies for developing and maintaining a good therapeutic alliance with patients and other healthcare professionals and will also provide an introduction to the application of professional ethics, and the concept of professional identity. Emphasis will also be given to common psychological conditions that can affect therapeutic engagement, such as anxiety and depression. Students will also be introduced to strategies for adapting their communications to specific audiences, taking into account age, gender and culture.

This course provides an in-depth exploration of the fundamental principles of human physiology. It covers the mechanisms by which the human body functions, focusing on the regulation of its internal environment and the physiological processes that ensure survival, health, and performance. Key topics include the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and endocrine systems, as well as muscle physiology, neurophysiology, and homeostasis. Students will gain a thorough understanding of how organ systems interact and respond to various physiological challenges, including exercise, stress, and disease.

This course is concerned with providing a summary of radiation production reactions, properties of electromagnetic waves, films structure, properties and types, sensitive layers in film preservatives, film development chemistry, image quality (image details, contrast, clarity, ...), how to prepare a static model in the section Radiology to adjust imaging protocols for each part to be imaged. It also includes the principles of tomography and color imaging, the principles of old devices from which modern methods of imaging were derived, image magnification, and its principles.

This course introduces the essential physics of medical ultrasound, emphasizing system design and the clinical applications of the various functional modes and data/image display capabilities of the diverse types of ultrasound systems. The course then considers transducer design characteristics and how these principles influence signal acquisition, signal processing, and instrumentation of 2D, 3D, and 4D real-time images when scanning human body structures.

This course aims to teach the student how to improve the quality of X-ray images issued by devices. In terms of analysis, noise in optical density, contrast, repetition accuracy, matching in device data, and image replay.

The course aims to develop the students’ cognitive abilities and communication skills in Arabic language by introducing Arabic dictionaries, spelling and grammatical errors, and familiarizing them with ancient and modern Arabic literary models including models from the Holy Qur’an.

This course offers a comprehensive overview of essential mathematical concepts tailored for health science disciplines. Starting with basic operations involving integers, fractions, percents, and decimals, it lays a strong foundation by emphasizing proficiency in these areas. The course progresses to include conversions, focusing on metric and non-metric systems, and temperature changes, to ensure accuracy in diverse measurement contexts. Dilution and concentration principles are explored, crucial for understanding solution preparation in medical settings. The course also delves into the accurate interpretation of drug orders and labels, essential for safe medication administration. Graphing techniques are introduced to visually represent relationships between variables, aiding in data analysis and interpretation. Advanced topics such as functions, inequalities, exponential functions, and logarithms are covered, highlighting their applications in modeling biological processes. Finally, the course addresses geometric principles relevant to the health sciences, such as calculating area and volume. Mastery of these topics will equip students with the mathematical skills necessary for success in their health science careers.

Provides a one-semester introduction to general chemistry for the health sciences. Covers the fundamentals of elements and atoms; ionic and molecular structure; chemical reactions and their stoichiometry, energetics, rates, and equilibriums; and the properties of matter as gases, liquids, solids, and solutions. Other topics include acids and bases

This course aims to introduce the student to the program, the history of radiology discovery, and the start of work with it as medical objectives, medical terminology, professional ethics, and clarification of clinics and imaging policies. Overview of the formation and interactions of ionizing radiation, and how the radiological image appears in general. Overview of the methods of medical imaging and nuclear medicine.

The course content covers the imaging of the head (and selected areas of the skull, facial bone, and neck) and the viscera of the pelvis, and vertebral column, basic and secondary positions, how to change positions, and the amount of exposure in proportion to disease and injury, assessing and determining image quality, and accurately identifying for internal organs.

This course aims to identify the distinguishing parameters in the human body, link the positions to the central points of the passage of rays with the distinctive points in the human body, and how the organs appear in the images of the rays. It requires the medical radiation technologist to know and understand the applications of x-ray imaging, applicable to their stream. This course provides you with an introduction to the theory of physics that underlies these applications.

This course is concerned with giving the methods and means of caring for the patient to be x-ray imaged, how to provide the service to the patient with the highest quality and in the least possible time through the use of medicines and contrast materials in the radiology department, cases in which medicines and contrast materials must be given to the patient, administering methods of medicines and contrast materials for the patient in the radiology department, how to inject the patient with the contrast and medicine materials intravenously, interactions of the contrast and medicine materials with the human body.

This course covers the rationale for, and methods employed in the treatment of cancer by radiotherapy. The role of radiotherapy and its relationship to other modalities utilized in the treatment of cancer are explored and defined and there is an introduction to the principles and concepts of radiobiology. Additionally, techniques and applications of radiation therapy include the technical aspects of radiotherapy, dosimetry, shielding, and radioactive sources. The physical principles and application thereof, specifically in radiation therapy. A review of basic radiotherapy principles.

The aim of this course is an introduction to the biomechanics of the human body. To learn about the structural properties of human bones and tissues, along with the mechanical functions of the skeleton and muscles, electricity and magnetism in the human body, biomagnetism, the use of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation in medical diagnosis and medical treatment, radiation protection.

The course will cover the physical principles and theories on which diagnostic medical imaging techniques are based. For each medical imaging technique, the course aims to explain the basic physical working principle and the basic mechanical components of medical imaging devices, the process of image formation and processing, along with understanding the factors that control the quality of the medical image in various devices, these factors include (noise, contrast, resolution, brightness and color intensity) and their relationship to the appearance of the medical image.

This course covers the gross anatomy of the human body, including the study of major organ systems such as the skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Students will learn the spatial relationships between different organs and tissues, and how these structures contribute to overall body function. Additionally, this component focuses on the microscopic structure of tissues and organs. Students will study the four basic tissue types—epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue—and learn to identify them under a microscope.

This course is concerned with defining radiobiology and linking the stages of growth to the effect of radiation, the effect of radiation in the short and long term, enabling the student to be able to measure the dose and determine the danger, the nature of the interaction of radiation with the substance. This course develops foundational knowledge of the links between basic physics, occupational devices, radiation biology, and radiation protection associated with the medical radiation sciences.

This course aims to prepare students who are able to identify anatomical structures in a range of imaging modalities, which is an essential skill for medical radiations practitioners. This course builds on your current knowledge of anatomy. The primary focus of this course is computed tomography to learn about sectional anatomy. Therefore, a training course was designed to enable the student to identify the relevant organs using a range of imaging methods.

This course will cover topics related to relation between human and surrounding environments. How this interaction will affect human health and spread of disease.

This course is designed to serve PTUK students in the faculties of Science and Engineering as well as the students of Educational Technology (ET); it offers a broad overview of the English language learning skills in reading, writing, speaking that will enable them to communicate meaningfully in scientific contexts and situations. It also offers a broad variety of scientific language grammatical patterns and vocabulary items that are needed to comprehend scientific contexts and trends. Throughout this course, students will be exposed to a variety of scientific topics, aural input in order to broaden and deepen their critical thinking skills and to help them express opinions about modern scientific topics and problems.

The course introduces the student to concepts, theories and skills in the field of human communication in Arabic and English, and provides him with basic skills in the field of communication with himself and with others through the art of recitation, dialogue, persuasion, negotiation and leadership, to enhance his practice in his daily and practical life using new methods based on diverse and effective training and evaluation. In addition to the knowledge of electronic communication and social intelligence, as well as enabling the student to write his CV and conduct a personal interview in Arabic and English. The course aims to develop the student's skills on written, oral and electronic communication and the use of body language in order to improve the abilities to communicate with others in general, in addition to the students' abilities to send and receive in the study and work environment in particular.

This course provides an explanation of the causes of diseases and understanding of injuries and others. The focus is on the radiological pathology of body systems and the manifestations of this disease. The course will focus primarily on the study of the characteristics of diseases and how they appear on medical images. The main focus of this course is on understanding the ability of medical imaging examinations to diagnose, display, and differentiate between different diseases.

This course is concerned with presenting how to process, record, and store radiological images. It also provides a general definition of the role of technology in developing and raising the efficiency of medical images in terms of diagnostic content using different technologies. This course aims to give the ability to analyze and process radiographs using computer programs to improve the quality of images for diagnostic purposes, by changing the image properties.

This course builds upon content relating to the research process and also research and evidence-based clinical practice established in earlier of the courses. It examines in greater depth the culture of health-related research and the emergent professional role of the clinician-researcher. Course material is presented in the context of the various research designs and approaches adopted in the health care paradigm. The course will also encourage students to differentiate between quantitative and qualitative research methods, understand current trends in research in medical imaging and the implications for evidence-based health care, and critically evaluate the veracity of research outcomes. Students will be encouraged to develop their own potential research focus and through the supervision process an advanced level of understanding in a nominated discipline and/or specialist area of medical imaging. Course outcomes require students to prepare a research proposal inclusive of the potential study design and purposeful rationale supported by a literature review and statement of the scope of ethics submission and approval requirements related to the study design and methodology.

This course enables the student to learn the basic concepts and techniques used in nanoscience in the medical field in particular, and the course explains the role and contribution of this technology in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Definition of nanotechnology, types of nanomaterials used in the medical field, interaction of nanomaterials with biological tissues, electronic sensors, current problems facing nanomedicine.

This course introduces the student to the basics of nuclear medicine physics and the devices used in this field and their methods of use, taking into account and defining the special protection methods for this technique. The course aims to explain the principle of nuclear medicine in addition to explaining the principle of medical imaging using radioisotopes, the principle of preparing radioisotopes with the appropriate dose used in imaging such as iodine and technetium, and the principle of physical operation of all radioisotope imaging techniques including SPECT, PET, Gamma camera and hybrid radioisotope imaging techniques including PET-CT and PET-MRI. The course will also provide a broad understanding of radiation detection and the basics of the operation of radiation detection devices used in the nuclear medicine department and the basics of radioactive waste disposal.

This course aims to introduce students to civilization, its’ characteristics, patterns, and its relationship to civics and culture. It focuses on the study of Islamic civilization, its’ genesis, components, characteristics, contemporary problems and issues, such as the civilizational interaction between Islamic civilization and the West, the contributions of Muslim scholars to human civilization, the impact of Islamic civilization on global human civilization, and ways of transmission to various countries of the world. It also deals with scientific development, Islamic systems and institutions, architecture and arts in Islamic civilization.

Medical Biology course is designed specifically for students of health sciences . The course covers the basic principles and facts in biology like chemical concepts that needed to understand the biological process occurring in the human body ., ultra-structure of the cell and cell organelles, the cell cycle and division, membranes transport, and basic cell metabolism . The course also introduces basic principles of Mendelian inheritance, modern genetics, human chromosomes, inheritable diseases and gene expression and human evolution . In addition, the course also focuses on organization and systems of the human body, protective covering of the body, support and movement, food processing and nutrition, transport within the body, gas exchange, endocrine systems, regulation of body activities, homeostasis, reproduction and biology of infectious diseases and human body defense against pathogens, specific and non specific mechanisms.

This course introduces students to the basic principles of operating the technology that produces medical images, through a variety of methods that can be used in the diagnosis or treatment of disease. This course allows students to better understand and provide a safe work environment when using devices associated with their clinical positions. This course gives the student an expanded view of the differences in handle and production in medical imaging and nuclear medicine methods.

This course aims to introduce an overview to technologist-performed physical breast assessment. Preliminary patient assessment, physical breast assessment, and documentation of findings required for a comprehensive examination for imaging correlation of the breasts. A knowledge base of the various positions and projections in mammography along with the clinical data needed to perform the exam and positioning techniques for both screening and diagnostic mammography, including interventional procedures. Experience in the performance of mammography exams, including patient preparation and the required quality control tests. Also, Characteristics of the mammography and its working mechanism.

Clinical training in General Radiography, General Fluoroscopy, Digital Subtraction Angiography/Interventional (DSA), Operating Theatre, Computed Tomography, General Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging within the Department of Diagnostic Radiology.

This course enables the student to learn the main concepts of vascular imaging techniques using contrast media. It also explains the main role of vascular imaging in diagnosing various vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, peripheral vessel occlusion, and inflammatory vessel wall changes. Learn about the devices and tools used in imaging and treating blood vessels, in addition to displaying images, in order to know the reasons for imaging through disease cases.

This course presents basic ideas for the practical application of general chemistry, such as: familiarization with laboratory safety instructions, laboratory tools, experiments in qualitative analysis

The course focuses on basic reactions of cells and tissues to injury that underlie all disease processes and include cell injury and death, circulatory disturbances, inflammation and repair and disturbances of growth and neoplasia. General topics covered include the nature and causes of cell injury and death; adaptive cellular changes; inflammation, healing and repair, thrombosis, embolism and infarction and neoplasia. More detailed attention is given to cardiovascular, pulmonary and gastrointestinal diseases and common cancers and the pathology is correlated with major clinical symptoms and signs.

The Anatomy and Histology Laboratory course provides hands-on experience with the structure and function of the human body at both the macroscopic (anatomical) and microscopic (histological) levels. This course is designed for students pursuing studies in the biological sciences, medicine, or related fields.

This course aims to apply what has been acquired from the theoretical material to identify x-ray films, preservatives, and parts of the developer and imaging equipment in the laboratory. Identifying variable radiation factors that affect image quality through the control panel, in addition to identifying and applying digital radiology devices.

This course focuses on introducing fundamental physics in computed tomography. Included in the course is an overview of the history of CT, fundamentals of computers, scanning methods, and digital imaging. This course provides the student with an introduction to the functions and basic procedures of computed tomography imaging as it is used in the healthcare setting. Basic CT instrumentation and clinical terms will be introduced. Introducing some of the mathematical calculations on which the device works, the means of choosing the method of work according to the organ to be photographed, and the fields of use with computed tomography.

This course studies the basic physics and equipment behind the production of dental x-rays, their properties, and their interaction which results in the formation of the radiographic image. In addition, the radiographic techniques involved in producing various radiographic images (including panoramic x-ray, dental CT, cephalometric) and the x-ray films and other requirements for film processing are covered in this course. Dental radiography is the study of radiographs related to teeth that are used by a dentist to check the oral health of a patient. Dental radiographs help dentists to find issues in our teeth like cavities, tooth decay, and impacted teeth. These can also help the dentists to find the diseases and developmental problems before they become a critical issue. This radiography requires a very low level of radiation exposure. Studying dental radiography course help aspiring dentists to gain knowledge about how to identify oral diseases and developmental problems, before they become serious health issues with the help of x-rays.

This course delves into Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS), covering key hardware components, various architectures, and vendor-specific differences. It addresses PACS’ impact on productivity, explores features like image displays and printing capabilities, and introduces major market vendors and their architectures. By course end, students will grasp PACS fundamentals, including network components, servers, and their implications on productivity.

Students perform voluntary work such as donating blood, repairing homes, tourist trails, or holding educational workshops at the university, and the student is committed to training or working for 40 hours.

This course provides hands-on experience in experimental techniques and methodologies used in the study of human physiology. Through a series of laboratory exercises, students will explore the functions of various physiological systems, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular, nervous, and endocrine systems. Students will learn how to design and conduct experiments, collect and analyze data, and interpret results in the context of physiological principles. The course emphasizes the application of theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios, allowing students to observe and measure physiological processes in real-time. Laboratory exercises may include activities such as electrocardiography (ECG), spirometry, muscle contraction studies, blood pressure measurement, and analysis of reflexes and sensory responses.

The practical side of this course is concerned with applying what has been learned in the theoretical course through the use of radiology image processing programs in the laboratory to develop the abilities to understand and realize the skills of dealing with radiology images. In addition, the use of some artificial intelligence programs to develop the student's skill in dealing with medical image processing programs to distinguish between the contrast of normal and abnormal images.

This course covers applied radiography in a clinical education environment in assigned clinical education centers and hospitals. Experience in clinical departments is vital to developing clinical competence and this course is designed to build on the experience gained in medical imaging practice 1 and further develop students’ clinical and interpersonal skills. Continuing commitment to reflective practice will empower students to take ownership of their professional development and identify learning opportunities as well as development needs. After completion of this course, students should be able to perform a wide range of general radiographic examinations and procedures and have clear ideas about how to organize their clinical learning in relation to their development needs for future clinical courses.

This course aims at giving theoretical and practical knowledge of diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine physics and preparing for work as a medical physicist in nuclear medicine. The course includes the principles of radiopharmaceutical imaging, quality assurance, radiation dosimetry and radiation safety. In this course, you will start by studying the photon and charged particle interactions occurring in the range of energies common in Nuclear Medicine. Following this, we move on to radionuclide and radiopharmaceutical production and important uptake mechanisms in the human body. You will get to know relevant nuclear medicine equipment (gamma camera, SPECT/CT, PET-camera, PET/CT, PET/MRI, radiation monitors, and detectors) components, and functions. Important aspects of imaging like reconstruction algorithms, correction methods, calibration, optimization, and quality assurance are also covered. An essential part of the course is focused on radiation safety regulations, measurements and actions. You will learn strategies for protecting patients, staff, and the general public from unwanted effects of radiation from nuclear medicine procedures. The medical perspective of nuclear medicine will be covered by lectures given by specialists active in the field of nuclear medicine. Overall, you will be well acquainted with the entire nuclear medicine process; from radionuclide production to radiopharmaceuticals, nuclear medicine equipment, optimization of imaging, image processing, analysis, and interpretation – always with radiation safety in mind.

Issues to be discussed include the physical and instrumental principles associated with diagnostic radiography, radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine, including the interaction of radiation with matter and the implications of these processes for image quality and optimal planning/treatment in clinical practice. Radiation-matter interactions also extend to biological systems and their effects, with the discussion of concepts of radiation dose and its exact measurement, radiation detectors, and the basics of radiation protection.

Examines the radiographic positioning of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine along with routine positioning of the biliary tract, upper and lower gastrointestinal system, urinary system, and the study of radiographic contrast media. Topics in this course include positioning, radiographic exposure factors, medical terminology, radiation protection, and special considerations for the pediatric and geriatric patients.

English 1 is a theoretical, 3-credit hour university requisite, and a general English Course which is designed to serve all BA and BSc Students of (PTUK) in all faculties. This course aims at developing students’ repertoire of the English language main skills as well as sub-skills through providing them with broad varieties of language patterns, grammatical and structural rules, and vocabulary items that can enable them to communicate meaningfully within ordinary and real-life contexts and situations. This course is also oriented towards equipping students with the skills they need to comprehend texts, contexts, and situations that are related to ordinary and real-life topics. Throughout this course, students will be exposed to a wide and various aural inputs in order to broaden and deepen their skills in listening, judgment, and critical thinking. Students of this course are expected to acquire and practice the skills they need to maximize their capabilities to express opinions about ordinary and real life topics both orally and in a written format, which will help in widening the students’ academic horizon.

The performance of experiments related to measurements and data analysis, Force table (vector addition), Friction forces (static and kinetic), Gravity acceleration, Density of solids and liquid materials, viscosity, Young modulus , Boyles and Charles laws (for ideal gas), Specific heat capacity(of solids), Ohms law

This course clarifies the difference between general English terms and medical terminology. Hence, this course is concerned with giving parts of medical terms and their related meanings and how they are formed and used. Where students are trained to use these terms and pronounce them in the right manner.

The course aims to study the basics and principles of X-ray production and image formation through X-ray imaging devices. It also aims to study the basics of radiation measurement and prevention. In addition, the principles of atomic and nucleus physics, electromagnetic waves and their properties, radiation production interactions, radiation interaction with the body, electrical circuits used in radiology equipment, and digital signal analysis.

The course content covers the gross anatomy of the upper limb, lower limb, the viscera of the thorax, and abdomen. The course builds on learners’ anatomical knowledge gained in the required prerequisite study. This course also develops knowledge of the structure of the human body under normal circumstances and prompts students to consider deviation from normal circumstances; this can be in the form of pathologies, anatomical variations, and symptoms that present clinically.

This course supports students' ability to learn and understand the theoretical and practical working principles of many devices that simulate the working principle of medical imaging devices, by allocating many specialized practical experiments that aim to teach the student how to produce X-rays practically, the working principle of the X-ray tube and its structural components, how X-rays interact with matter, and understanding the physics of all radiation interactions (photoelectric effect, Compton effect, classical scattering). This course also aims to teach students how to deal with radioactive sources and measure radiation doses using Geiger counter, scintillation detector, TLD and ion chamber detector.

In this course, the student learns about functional imaging and how to detect physiological activities within a specific tissue or organ by using medical imaging methods, or by using detectors similar to some chemical compounds within the body. In addition, the student is introduced to how to use isotopes that have similar chemical and biological properties.

In this course, students will be introduced to the physical principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), including the basic physics of MRI. Topics include magnetism, MRI signal production, image contrast, spin-echo, and gradient echo pulse sequences, and an introduction to pulse sequence diagrams. Analyzes MRI system principles associated with physics. Topics covered in this course include instrumentation, signal production, pulse sequencing, tissue characteristics, imaging parameters, artifacts, and image formation.

The study course presents radiography students with the application of theoretical radiography principles in practice in contrast media examinations and theatre procedures. Additionally, this study course is made up of clinical demonstrations, practice, and tutorials where students can discuss issues related to physical principles in radiography, radiation protection, and aspects of patient care in clinical practice.

This course covers applied radiography in a clinical education environment in assigned clinical education centers and hospitals. Experience in clinical departments is vital to developing clinical competence and this course is designed to build on the experience gained in medical imaging practice 2 and further develop students’ clinical and interpersonal skills. Continuing commitment to reflective practice will empower students to take ownership of their professional development and identify learning opportunities as well as development needs. After completion of this course, students should be able to perform a wide range of general radiographic examinations and procedures and have clear ideas about how to organize their clinical learning in relation to their development needs for future clinical courses. Clinical examinations and supervised clinical exposure to patients will enable students to apply these principles across a range of examinations involving the shoulder and pelvic girdles, the vertebral column, the skull bones, and the neck. The course concludes with an introduction to normal surface and gross anatomical relationships of the major skeletal and soft tissue structures of the head, neck, vertebral column, and pelvis.

This course provides an in-depth exploration of cardiac imaging techniques, focusing on the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the heart. Students will be introduced to the principles, applications, and limitations of various cardiac imaging modalities, including echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and nuclear imaging. Through lectures, case studies, and hands-on experience with imaging technologies, students will learn how to interpret cardiac images, recognize common and complex cardiac diseases, and assess heart function. Topics covered include myocardial ischemia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure.

This course covers everything related to injuries such as the mechanism of injury, laws and energy of movement and how it affects the human body and causes of injury, penetrating and non-penetrating injuries, bleeding and shock, soft tissue injuries and burns. This course aims to introduce the student to radiography and the ethical considerations of this medical field. This course covers the theory and application of positioning and radiation protection techniques and various medical imaging techniques and basic radiation exposure. Also, the analysis of radiographic images to help diagnose the patient's condition.

Remedial English: The course is a compulsory service course offered for first year students. It is a prerequisite for E1 and it focuses mainly on the language learning skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. The course is intended to equip the students with basic skills necessary for successful communication in both oral and written forms of the language. In addition to grammar and how to use vocabulary in a meaningful context.

Units conversions ,vector and scalar quantities,static equilibrium/ equilibrium consideration for human body,elastic properties of materials, thermal properties of matter,fluid mechanics,electric current, resistance and Ohm's Law, the capacitor,the RC circuit, nerve conduction , applications ,waves, sound, and optics ,electromagnetic spectrum, geometrical optics, human Eye

This lab course is intended to provide students with basic skills necessary to utilize a light microscopes of both types dissecting and compound microscope and to be be familiar with all the parts of the light microscope. Studying different type of cells (prokaryote and eukaryote) structure and revealing the presence of functional molecules unique to living organisms and activity of enzymes in cells under certain conditions. The students will also conduct experiments to study the physical properties of plasma membrane (diffusion ,osmosis) and be able to identify cell division phases (mitosis and meiosis ) in animal eukaryotic cells . In addition students will perform DNA isolation, and run Gel electrophoresis

This course, cover several biostatistics subjects as analysis and interpret data, apply various statistical concepts including descriptive statistics and probability distributions, find relationships between variables, fit regression models, make statistical inferences; parameter estimation / confidence intervals and make tests for one or multiple groups such as z and t-tests, chi-square tests, and ANOVA with applications in the biomedical and clinical laboratory data

This course provides an understanding of important communication skills for students' health professionals, as well as an awareness of common psychological conditions that can affect therapeutic engagement. This course aims to introduce students to a range of communication techniques necessary for health professionals including relationship making and interviewing skills, strategies for developing and maintaining a good therapeutic alliance with patients and other healthcare professionals and will also provide an introduction to the application of professional ethics, and the concept of professional identity. Emphasis will also be given to common psychological conditions that can affect therapeutic engagement, such as anxiety and depression. Students will also be introduced to strategies for adapting their communications to specific audiences, taking into account age, gender and culture.

This course provides an in-depth exploration of the fundamental principles of human physiology. It covers the mechanisms by which the human body functions, focusing on the regulation of its internal environment and the physiological processes that ensure survival, health, and performance. Key topics include the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and endocrine systems, as well as muscle physiology, neurophysiology, and homeostasis. Students will gain a thorough understanding of how organ systems interact and respond to various physiological challenges, including exercise, stress, and disease.

This course is concerned with providing a summary of radiation production reactions, properties of electromagnetic waves, films structure, properties and types, sensitive layers in film preservatives, film development chemistry, image quality (image details, contrast, clarity, ...), how to prepare a static model in the section Radiology to adjust imaging protocols for each part to be imaged. It also includes the principles of tomography and color imaging, the principles of old devices from which modern methods of imaging were derived, image magnification, and its principles.

This course introduces the essential physics of medical ultrasound, emphasizing system design and the clinical applications of the various functional modes and data/image display capabilities of the diverse types of ultrasound systems. The course then considers transducer design characteristics and how these principles influence signal acquisition, signal processing, and instrumentation of 2D, 3D, and 4D real-time images when scanning human body structures.

This course aims to teach the student how to improve the quality of X-ray images issued by devices. In terms of analysis, noise in optical density, contrast, repetition accuracy, matching in device data, and image replay.